Resurrection

Vessels of mercy (Romans 9:23)

POST OVERVIEW. Examining the phrase “vessels of mercy” in Romans 9:23 and understanding how this relates to God’s glory and our resurrection glory.

GLORY

This study is a mini-study of our glory as mentioned in Romans 9:23. This is related to our resurrection (the subject of my upcoming book) because, in the resurrection, we who are fallen but have been redeemed enter into glory.

23 And He did so to make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory, 24 even us, whom He also called, not from among Jews only, but also from among Gentiles. – Romans 9:23-24

CONTEXT. Paul’s main subject in this section of Romans is the sovereignty of God in salvation. God, and God alone, is the one who decides who will be saved and who will perish. “He has mercy (unto salvation) on whom He desires, and He hardens (unto condemnation) whom He desires” (Romans 9:18). The apostle’s argument in Romans 9 is complex and our purpose here is not to unpack this difficult passage. Rather, our purpose is to notice that our future glory is related to God’s glory and is a demonstration of His mercy as manifested in His calling unto salvation “not Jews only, but also Gentiles” (9:24).

GOD’S GLORY. We must first distinguish between God’s glory and our glory as used in Romans 9:23. God’s glory emanates from Himself and is of His very essence. God is, by nature, wholly glorious. Also, God’s glory is both infinitely vast and complex. “The heavens are telling of the glory of God” (Psalm 19:1). God created the entire universe to display His glory, and yet we know that “Behold, heaven and the highest heaven cannot contain You” (1 Kings 8:27). But the universe is only one aspect of His glory, for His glory extends into things both visible and invisible, in heaven and on earth. God, in His condescension, has made Himself known to His creatures, and His supreme demonstration of His glory is His “granting to us His precious and magnificent promises, so that we may become partakers of the divine nature” (2 Peter 1:4). The point is that the riches of God’s glory have been made known by means of His preparing beforehand (in eternity past; Eph. 1:4) for glory (i.e., glorification) chosen vessels of mercy. In other words, God’s infinitely vast and complex glory is supremely displayed in the glorification of His redeemed people, these vessels of mercy.

AND OUR GLORY. By contrast, the natural man, because he is, by nature, fallen and corrupt, seeks to destroy glory. Man is a complete stranger to glory and cannot obtain even the smallest part of it unless God, in His mercy, chooses to bestow it on us. But, praise God, in the resurrection this is exactly what happens to these redeemed vessels of mercy, that “in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye” (1 Cor. 15:52) all the elect will be glorified. This is our glory.

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 9/4/2024                     #710

The resurrection in other New Testament passages

POST OVERVIEW. A study of miscellaneous New Testament passages about the resurrection, particularly emphasizing the fact that all believers will be glorified in the resurrection, whether living or dead.

Another chapter in my upcoming book, “The Resurrection: when the church is glorified.”

Having covered the major New Testament passages about the resurrection, we now turn to other places where this event is mentioned or referenced. In reviewing these verses we will emphasize that all believers will be resurrected, whether they are physically still alive or “have fallen asleep.” This is consistent with what we have already seen in other New Testament passages, that there is one resurrection event of both the living and the dead (see 1 Thess. 4:15-17; 1 Cor. 15:51-55).

1 Corinthians 6:14 – Now God has not only raised the Lord but will also raise us up through His power.

This verse makes clear that “raised” or “raised up” speaks of resurrection, for “God has ‘raised’ the Lord” definitely refers to the resurrection of Jesus. Paul then makes the declaration that, as certainly as God has raised (resurrected) the Lord Jesus, so He will also “raise us up” (resurrect us) through His power. As God raised up Jesus in glorious resurrection on the third day, so He will raise up all believers in glorious resurrection on the last day.

Philippians 3:20-21 – 20 For our citizenship is in heaven, from which also we eagerly wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ; 21 who will transform the body of our humble state into conformity with the body of His glory, by the exertion of the power that He has even to subject all things to Himself.

Those whose citizenship is in heaven are all those who have put their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, whether they are physically living or dead. These are the ones who eagerly wait for the coming of our Savior. When Jesus comes, He “will transform the body of our humble state into conformity with the body of His glory.” All believers currently dwell in “a body of humble state,” whether their body is living (and groaning; 2 Cor. 5:2, 4), or their body has already died. But at the resurrection, all those whose citizenship is in heaven will be glorified. There is no distinction made between the living and the dead. When He comes, He will transform all believers into His glory.

1 John 3:2 – Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that when He appears, we will be like Him, because we will see Him just as He is.

The “we” that John is addressing in this verse about Jesus’ return and the resurrection is obviously all Christians because he calls them “beloved” and “children of God” (John 1:12). There is no distinction made between the living children of God and the children of God who have already died.

Thus when Jesus appears in power and glory, “we will be like Him.” All believers, whether dead 1,900 years like the Apostle John or still living like you and me, will be glorified when Jesus appears. This is the resurrection, which applies to all believers equally.

Colossians 3:4 – When Christ, who is our life, is revealed, then you also will be revealed with Him in glory.

Here Paul expresses the same idea that John expresses in 1 John 3:2 (above). Every believer, whether alive or “asleep,” is now in a state of eager anticipation (Phil. 3:20) as we await the coming (παρουσία) of the Lord Jesus. We await in our humble state, where we appear very ordinary and where our bodies groan (2 Cor. 5:2, 4). But when Christ appears, we will all be changed (1 Cor. 15:52). All believers will be resurrected and will appear with Him in our glorified bodies.

Matthew 24:37-41 – 37 For the coming of the Son of Man will be just like the days of Noah. 38 For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, 39 and they did not understand until the flood came and took them all away; so will the coming of the Son of Man be. 40 Then there will be two men in the field; one will be taken and one will be left. 41 Two women will be grinding at the mill; one will be taken and one will be left.

In this passage from the Olivet Discourse, only Matt. 24:40-41 concern the resurrection of the saints but 24:37-39 are given to show that the context is the coming of the Lord Jesus on the last day. We know from our entire study of the resurrection and from the two passages which we have just considered that the coming of the Son of Man and the resurrection of the saints are simultaneous events. When Christ is revealed, then the saints will be glorified. This is explicitly what Jesus is teaching in this text.

24:37-39. Jesus speaks about the state of the world when He returns in glory. As when Noah was building the ark and was also preaching righteousness (2 Peter 2:5) to the world of the ungodly, so will the world be before the coming of the Son of Man. In that day the world will be living in rebellion to God and will go through their daily routines as if there is no God and as if God has not given laws and commandments which must be obeyed. While the faithful church proclaims the righteousness of Jesus Christ and the need for repentance, the world indulges their sin and their wickedness, denying God and living as if there will never be a judgment. The wicked world will not “see all these things,” so they will not “recognize that Jesus is near, right at the door” (Matt. 24:33). They refuse to repent (Rev. 9:20-21) and so are surprised when the day of the Lord comes upon them with sudden destruction (1 Thess. 5:2-3), and they will not escape the judgment. The world will be terrified at the coming of the Son of Man (Rev. 6:12-17).

24:40-41. But while 24:37-39 tells of the judgment of the unsuspecting ungodly at the coming of the Son of Man, 24:40-41 speaks about the resurrection of the righteous who are on the alert and are ready for the Lord’s coming. In the first scene (24:40), two men are in the field. At the coming of the Lord, the believer is “caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air” (1 Thess. 4:17) in the resurrection while the unbeliever is left on the earth to face the wrath of the Lamb in terrifying judgment (Rev. 6:15-17; 19:21). The second scene is similar as two women are grinding at the mill (24:41). As the Lord descends from heaven with a shout (1 Thess. 4:16), the believing woman goes up in glorious resurrection while the unbeliever faces “the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty” (Rev. 19:15).

The two verses describe the same truth. At the coming of the Lord, those believers who are alive and remain will be “taken,” meaning they will be gloriously resurrected and will meet the Lord in the air.

CONCLUSION

This study has demonstrated that the resurrection of the saints on the last day at the coming of the Lord is a common theme throughout the New Testament and has shown that the teaching about the resurrection is consistent between the various New Testament authors.

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 7/2/2024                     #707

Three resurrection passages in the Old Testament

POST OVERVIEW. A study of three Old Testament prophetic passages which present the resurrection of the saints. This will be a chapter in my book, “The Resurrection: when the church is glorified.”

While the resurrection of the saints is not a prominent theme in the Old Testament, there are three passages from the major prophets that speak about this event and give us a clear foreshadow of it. We will look at Isaiah 26:19, Ezekiel 37:1-14 and Daniel 12:2 to see the resurrection in the Old Testament.

ISAIAH 26:19 – DEAD WILL LIVE, CORPSES WILL RISE

19 Your dead will live;
Their corpses will rise.
You who lie in the dust, awake and shout for joy,
For your dew is as the dew of the dawn,
And the earth will give birth to the departed spirits.

In this verse, Isaiah gives a clear prophecy of the general resurrection of the saints. Why do we say that this is such a prophecy? First, this is certainly a prophecy of some resurrection, for the word-pictures in the text require it: “your dead will live; their corpses will rise. Those “who lie in the dust” (Genesis 3:19) are commanded to “awake and shout for joy, and the earth will give birth to the departed spirits.” These words can only be resurrection words. It is also clear that this is not a prophecy of Jesus’ resurrection, for Isaiah speaks of these people in the plural. Finally, knowing from biblical theology that there will be a resurrection of the saints on the last day, we conclude that the prophet is making a prophecy about the general resurrection of all the redeemed at the παρουσία. In that day, the tomb will become a womb, “many of those who sleep in the dust of the ground will awake” (Dan. 12:2), “and the dead will be raised imperishable” (1 Cor. 15:52).

EZEKIEL 37:1-14 – THE VALLEY OF DRY BONES

One of the most dramatic and powerful passages in the prophecy of Ezekiel appears in Ezekiel 37:1-14, when the prophet describes his vision of the valley of dry bones. This vision pictures the great resurrection of the saints on the last day.

THE VISION ITSELF – 37:1-10

A suggested outline of this short passage in Ezekiel 37:1-10 follows:

  • 37:1-2 – The Spirit of the LORD brings the prophet out to the middle of a valley, and the valley is full of dry bones. Before the resurrection, the tombs of the departed saints are full of dry bones.
  • 37:3-6 – By means of a question to Ezekiel, the LORD foretells what He is about to do to these dry bones. “I will cause breath (or “spirit,” ruah in Hebrew) to enter you that you may come to life. I will put sinews on you, make flesh grow back on you, cover you with skin and put breath in you that you may come alive” (37:5-6). The LORD describes resurrection as flesh and skin put on dry bones.
  • 37:7-10 – Ezekiel prophesies over the bones, and there is a rattling and then the bones come together, and sinews and flesh and skin grow on them, but there is no breath (or “spirit”). Then, at the command of the LORD, the prophet prophesied again, “and the breath came into them, and they came to life and stood on their feet, an exceedingly great army” (37:10; see the parallel in Revelation 11:11). What was foretold now comes to pass as the glorified saints stand on their feet. Notice that the picture is of an army prepared for battle. This is a foreshadow of the army of the resurrected saints that will return with the LORD to vanquish the nations (Psalm 149:5-9; Rev. 19:14).

(6/27/2024) Ezekiel’s vision is of a mighty army raised to its feet. But now we must ask some questions.

For what purpose is a mighty army raised? To fight a great battle.

For whom is a mighty army raised? For a mighty King.

Just so, this mighty resurrection army will be raised up in resurrection power on the last day to follow her mighty King into the great final battle (Rev. 19:14). We see, then, that Ezekiel 37:10 agrees completely with Rev. 19:14 when King Jesus returns on His white horse. Then the armies of His saints, “clothed in fine linen, white and clean, will be following Him on white horses.” The mighty army of Ezekiel 37:10 is none other than the armies on white horses of Rev. 19:14.

Ezekiel’s vision presents for us a prophetic picture of the resurrection of the saints as their dry bones are brought together and clothed with flesh and given breath to become an exceedingly great army.

THE EXPLANATION OF THE VISION – 37:11-14

Then in 37:11-14, the LORD explains the vision to Ezekiel. While the explanation of the vision does introduce some difficulties in interpretation, it also confirms that this is indeed a vision about resurrection. “Thus says the LORD God, ‘Behold, I will open your graves and cause you to come up out of your graves’ (37:12; see also John 5:28-29). ‘Then you will know that I am the LORD, when I have opened your graves and caused you to come up out of your graves’” (37:13). Then, to remove all ambiguity, He says, “I will put My Spirit within you and you will come to life” (37:14). In this study of the resurrection, we can be confident that the LORD has given Ezekiel a vision of the resurrection of the saints. They will come up out of their graves and come to life.  

DANIEL 12:2 – THOSE IN THE DUST WILL AWAKE

Before we look at the resurrection in Daniel 12:2, we first need to understand the verse’s context. Daniel 11:21-45 has chronicled the activities of a “despicable person” (11:21) who comes to power “at the end time” (11:40; also 11:27, 36), which means that the events of Daniel 12:1-3 also occur at the end of time. Since this is an end-time passage, we expect to see end-times and last-day events, like the activity of antichrist (the “despicable person,” 11:21ff), the great tribulation (12:1), and the resurrection of the saints (12:2). What should be noted is that Daniel’s prophecy of these events is in complete harmony with the more detailed New Testament accounts of these same events. The resurrection described in Daniel 12:2 is unmistakably the same resurrection we see described in 1 Thess. 4 and in 1 Cor. 15, etc. The resurrection veiled in the Old Testament is the resurrection revealed in the New Testament.  And so, in Daniel 12:2, we read of the resurrection of the saints.

Many of those who sleep in the dust of the ground will awake, these to everlasting life, but the others to disgrace and everlasting contempt.

Resurrection is certainly in view, for we read of “those who sleep in the dust of the ground will awake.” Daniel’s vision sees the resurrection of both the righteous and the unrighteous. The verse is very similar to what Jesus says in John 5:28-29, where our Lord speaks of “those who did good deeds” and “those who committed evil deeds.”

The next verse speaks of the righteous as “those who will shine brightly like the brightness of the expanse of heaven” (Dan. 12:3). These are the saints who have been glorified in the resurrection. Jesus says the same thing in Matthew 13:43: “The righteous will shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father.”

CONCLUSION

An examination of these three Old Testament passages has shown that the resurrection of the saints at the end of the age was part of God’s redemptive plan from the beginning.

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 6/27/2024                   #706

Groaning for the resurrection (2 Corinthians 5:1-4)

POST OVERVIEW. This article is a detailed study of 2 Cor. 5:1-4, seeking to understand Paul’s teaching about the resurrection and about the believer’s anticipation of that event.

We begin our study by understanding the context of these verses in 2 Corinthians 5. Beginning in 2 Cor. 4:7, Paul has made the case that the immense value of the gospel and the certainty of the believer’s resurrection combine to give the disciple of Jesus great boldness in their proclamation of the gospel. The herald has been entrusted with this gospel treasure (4:7) and knows that declaring this message may cost him much (4:8-12). But he nevertheless proclaims the truth because his great salvation obligates him to do so (4:13) and the certainty of his resurrection supplies the courage to proclaim (4:14). For our minor, temporary suffering here on earth is storing up for us a great reward in heaven (4:16-18).

Now in 2 Cor. 5:1-4, Paul is going to give us more details of this eternal dwelling from heaven, this clothing for which we now groan, this resurrection body we will soon receive.

1 For we know that if the earthly tent which is our house is torn down, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 2 For indeed in this house we groan, longing to be clothed with our dwelling from heaven, 3 inasmuch as we, having put it on, will not be found naked. 4 For indeed while we are in this tent, we groan, being burdened, because we do not want to be unclothed but to be clothed, so that what is mortal will be swallowed up by life. – 2 Cor. 5:1-4 (NASB)

5:1. Paul speaks figuratively about both our earthly body and about our resurrection body. “The earthly tent which is our house” is our earthly body and “torn down” refers to physical death. (Note that Paul says “if.” In the context of this verse, “If we physically die.” Although it may be pressing the point too much, this “if” here leaves room for the possibility that “the earthly tent” may not be torn down because the resurrection could come before the reader’s physical death.) If the believer dies physically, “we know that we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.” Thus Paul gives three characteristics to our resurrection bodies. They are “from God,” which means that they have already been prepared for us by God. Also, they are “not made with hands.” There is nothing man-made and nothing of human origin in these bodies. They are of divine origin. And they are of eternal duration. Our resurrection bodies will last until the end of eternity.

5:2. In this physical body “we groan, longing to be clothed with our dwelling from heaven.” When we come to faith in Christ, we begin our life of groaning. Before we were disciples of Jesus, we shrieked, we screamed, we groped and we moaned as we muddled our way through the difficulties and miseries of this world, but now as believers we groan. We groan, first, because we know that heaven awaits and we know that there in heaven all will be peace and glory. And our longing for heaven produces groans here. But we also groan because here we still know the presence of sin and we still experience our own sin. We are still in a fallen world where many refuse to worship the King and this awareness of sin causes us to groan. But most of all we groan because we remain physically separated from our great God. We have been bought and redeemed and reconciled and adopted as His sons, but we remain here while He is there. So we groan until that day.

Groaning is the expression of our longing. We long for that day when we will be clothed “with our dwelling from heaven.” Notice that our glorified bodies will come from heaven. This speaks again of the divine origin of our resurrection bodies, teaching that our resurrection bodies will not be reconstituted from our old earthly bodies but will instead be delivered by God from heaven to be united with our redeemed souls.

5:3. Once we have put on our resurrection bodies, “we will not be found naked.” The word of interest here is naked. Paul teaches that, once we finally receive our glorified “dwelling from heaven,” “we will not be found naked.” This must mean that, until we receive our resurrection bodies (at the παρουσία), we will be found naked. Thus, from 5:2, in our earthly bodies we long to be clothed with our glorified bodies, but also from 5:3, when our souls are in heaven with the Lord, even then we will still long for our glorified bodies, because even then we will still sense that we are incomplete (“naked”) and not yet fully redeemed. We understand, then, that our nakedness, which we received from Adam as a result of his sin (Gen. 3:7, 10), will not be removed until we receive our resurrection bodies, “our dwelling from heaven.”

5:4. This verse is similar to 5:2 but adds this important phrase: “we do not want to be unclothed but to be clothed, so that what is mortal will be swallowed up by life.” Based on what we have learned so far in this passage, we can say that we remain mortal until we receive our glorified bodies. This is true because we know that “to be clothed” means “to receive our glorified body from heaven.” And here we see that the purpose (ἵνα, “so that”) of our being clothed is that “what is mortal will be swallowed up by life.” (See 1 Cor. 15:53-54.) We can also state that “swallowed up by life” is equivalent to being “clothed with our dwelling from heaven.” But here we see that we remain mortal until we are “swallowed up by life” in the resurrection. Only in the resurrection does our mortality end. We received sinful mortality when Adam disobeyed, but all those who have trusted in Christ are guaranteed that, in the παρουσία, their mortality and their nakedness will be swallowed up by our heaven-sent, God-given resurrection bodies.

SUMMARY

Here we want to summarize what we have learned about the resurrection in this study.

  • (v. 1) The believer knows that a resurrection body (“building from God”) is awaiting him.
  • (v. 1) Our glorified body is “from God,” so it has been prepared for us by God; it is “not made with hands,” meaning that it is not of this creation, but is of divine origin; and it is eternal and so will last until the very end of eternity.
  • (v. 2) Our “dwelling” (glorified body) is “from heaven,” teaching that our eternal body will not be reconstituted from our old “earthly tent” but will be delivered by God from heaven.
  • (v. 3) Our nakedness, which we received from Adam as a result of his sin (Gen. 3:7) will not be removed until we receive our resurrection bodies, “our dwelling from heaven.”
  • (v. 4) We remain mortal until we are “swallowed up by life” in the resurrection. Only in the resurrection does our mortality end.

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 6/4/2024                     #705

Romans 8:29-30 – Predestined to resurrection glory

OVERVIEW. How the resurrection fits into “the golden chain of salvation” (Rom. 8:29-30). [This article is part of my upcoming book, “The Resurrection: when the church is glorified,” to be published in 3Q 2024.]

29 For those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to become conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the firstborn among many brethren; 30 and these whom He predestined, He also called; and these whom He called, He also justified; and these whom He justified, He also glorified.

INTRODUCTION

In considering the biblical passages about the resurrection, we must not overlook Romans 8:29-30. Here in the “golden chain of salvation,” we see that the resurrection is the final link and the intended end of God’s redemptive plan. That is, in eternity past, the Lord desired to have, for all eternity, “a great multitude which no one could count standing before the throne and before the Lamb, crying out with a loud voice, ‘Salvation to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb’” (Rev. 7:9-10). Therefore, before the foundation of the world, He foreknew and predestined those people whom He would, in time and space, call and justify, and whom He would glorify in the resurrection on the last day.

EXEGESIS OF THE PASSAGE

GOD SOVEREIGNLY ACTS. Before we begin our exegesis, there are two observations we should make about this passage. First, we notice that God is the subject of all the verbs. God is the One taking the action and people are the passive objects. These acts come about solely on the basis of God’s sovereign action and are independent of any human activity. So, God foreknew and God predestined and God called and God justified and God glorified.

ALL THE SAME PEOPLE. But second, we should also realize that the object of each verb in the passage applies to exactly the same group of people. Consider that in 8:29, God foreknew a particular group of people. Then that same group, He also predestined. Then in 8:30, that same group that was predestined is also called, and that same group is justified, and that same group is glorified. What we see is that, in salvation, God acts on the same group of people from foreknowledge (election) all the way through to glorification. This means that the group of people whom God foreknew (chose, elected) in eternity past will be the exact same group of people who are glorified and worshipping before the throne in eternity future.

Now we will look at the passage phrase by phrase.

8:29. THOSE WHOM HE FOREKNEW. In this verse, foreknew carries the same meaning as chose or elected. Those whom God foreknew were specially considered and chosen in eternity past based on God’s sovereign wisdom alone. In eternity past, God determined to redeem these particular underserving sinners as objects of His mercy.

8:29. HE ALSO PREDESTINED. Here predestination speaks of God’s actions in eternally decreeing both the objects and the goal of His plan of salvation. The objects of predestination are those whom He foreknew. This act of predestining was also accomplished in eternity past.

8:29. TO BECOME CONFORMED TO THE IMAGE OF HIS SON. Knowing the objects of God’s predestination, we now find out the goal of the plan of salvation. Those whom God foreknew were predestined unto a salvation that is in conformity with the glorified image of Jesus. “Conformed to the image of His Son” means that those who were predestined will certainly be glorified like Jesus. And the event of the glorification of the saints is the resurrection. Thus Romans 8:29 ends with the resurrection, when we are conformed to the glorified image of our older Brother.

In Romans 8:29, we saw the objects of God’s salvation and the goal of His salvation; namely, in eternity past, God predestined to resurrection glory those whom He foreknew. In Romans 8:30 we will see what God did in time to bring about the resurrection glory of His elect, those whom He foreknew. In other words, Romans 8:29 tells about the end, but 8:30 tells about the means.

8:30. WHOM HE PREDESTINED, HE ALSO CALLED. This references the effectual call of the Holy Spirit which brings the dead sinner to spiritual life and compels him to believe in the Lord Jesus. God will effectually call all those whom He predestined.

8:30. WHOM HE CALLED, HE ALSO JUSTIFIED. The call of God leads to faith in the Lord Jesus and his faith is reckoned to the believer as righteousness (Romans 4:3, 5; Galatians 2:16; 3:6, 24, 26) and the believer is declared righteous and is thus justified. God will justify all those whom He effectually calls.

8:30. WHOM HE JUSTIFIED, HE ALSO GLORIFIED. The certain destiny of all those whom God has declared righteous is eternal glory. All those who were justified in life will be raised to eternal glory in the resurrection. The final link in the chain of salvation is the link between this perishable and the imperishable and between this mortal and immortality.

SUMMARY

From Romans 8:29-30, we have shown that the resurrection and the eternal glory that follows were clearly in God’s mind as He foreknew and predestined His elect in eternity past.

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 5/22/2024                   #702

Summary of 1 Thessalonians – doctrine and imperative

POST OVERVIEW. A summary of the first epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians giving the letter’s  doctrinal teaching and its imperatives (instructions and commands). This emphasis on doctrine and imperative is a feature of the Discipleship Bible Study (DBS) method for epistles, which I explain in greater detail in my upcoming book on discipleship (in late 2024).

INTRODUCTION. Recently some brothers and I completed a study of 1 Thessalonians. In our study, we employed the Discipleship Bible Study (DBS) method for epistles. The “DBS method for epistles” emphasizes the doctrinal teaching in the epistle and the epistle’s behavioral imperatives (commands, exhortations, instructions). Awareness of the doctrinal teaching of the epistles develops theological convictions and study of the behavioral imperatives yields conscious repentance and obedience.

DOCTRINAL TEACHING OF THE EPISTLE > > > THEOLOGICAL CONVICTIONS

BEHAVIORAL IMPERATIVES OF THE EPISTLE > > > REPENTANCE AND OBEDIENCE

The following are the key doctrines and imperatives from 1 Thessalonians.

KEY DOCTRINES FROM 1 THESSALONIANS

1:4. “your election.” DOCTRINE OF ELECTION states that, before the foundation of the world (Eph. 1:4), in eternity past, God has chosen / elected all the people that He will, in time and space, call to salvation, that He will justify by faith and that He will glorify in the resurrection on the last day. This election is entirely based on God’s sovereign will and is not conditioned on any merit, quality or action of the chosen (therefore is called “unconditional election”). By the use of His providence, God will certainly bring to justification every one of those He has elected in eternity past and He will raise them up in glory on the last day.

1:5. In Thessalonica, the gospel, which is God’s appointed means of calling sinners to repentance and faith, came to them “in word, but also in power and in the Holy Spirit and with full conviction.” Even Paul was amazed at how powerfully the gospel had worked in Thessalonica.

1:10. In this one verse there are actually four separate doctrinal truths. “wait for His Son from heaven.” The doctrine of the return of Jesus Christ in power and glory. “whom He raised from the dead.” The doctrine of the bodily resurrection of Jesus from the dead. Jesus “rescues us from the wrath to come.” The doctrine of the wrath of God against sin (Rom. 1:18; etc.) and the doctrine that Jesus is our Savior and He rescues us from God’s judgment by His substitutionary death on the cross.

2:19. “in the presence of our Lord Jesus at His coming.” Here we discovery that when Jesus returns, His saints will be present with Him. This means that, at His coming, the saints are not still waiting for the Lord, but are with the Lord.

This is the first of several teaching points that Paul will make in this epistle about the return of Jesus, about the resurrection of the saints and about the day of the Lord. The epistles to the Thessalonians contain much important doctrine on these topics of the end times.

3:3-4. Paul reminds the Thessalonians that persecution for your faith is a normal part of the disciple’s life. (See 1 Peter 1:6-9; 4:12-19; 2 Tim. 3:12; Matt. 5:10-12; etc.)

3:13. Another verse about the saints when Jesus returns. “The coming of our Lord Jesus with all His saints.” Once again, we see that Jesus’ saints will be with Him when He comes.

4:13-18. Clear doctrinal teaching about the resurrection of the saints, particularly about the order of events of the resurrection and about how the resurrection of the saints relates to the coming of the Lord Jesus. A GO-TO PASSAGE ON THE RESURRECTION AND ON THE RETURN OF CHRIST. [See the full teaching on this passage in my blog #700 on May 6, 2024, entitled “The order of the resurrection in 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17.”]

5:2-10. Paul’s teaching on “the day of the Lord.” In a sense, “the day of the Lord” and the resurrection are two sides of the same coin. Both of these relate to the return of Christ but each one relates to a different group. While the resurrection relates to believers being glorified when Jesus returns, “the day of the Lord” relates to the terror and judgment that comes upon the unrighteous when Jesus comes in judgment. Same event, but two different experiences.

Paul’s teaching on the day of the Lord:

  • The “day of the LORD” is a common theme among the Old Testament prophets. Therefore, Paul is not inventing a new term or a new idea but is building on what the Scripture has already revealed. Paul’s teaching is necessarily consistent with other scriptural teaching about the day of the LORD. (See Joel 1:14-15; 2:1-11, 30-31; Obadiah 15-21; Micah 5:10-15; Zeph. 1:7-18 (very clear!).)
  • 5:2. The day of the Lord will come upon the unrighteous without warning and without mercy. (Matt. 24:37-41)
  • 5:3. Sudden destruction, so there will be no time for rescue or escape. In fact, on the day of the Lord, the time for rescue has forever passed and the time of judgment has come. There is no hope on that day.
  • 5:4-5. Believers are not in darkness but are sons of light and sons of day (Ephesians 5:8-9; Rom. 13:12-13), so we will not be caught unawares when the Lord returns.  
  • 5:9. “God has not destined us (believers) for wrath (1:10), but for obtaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ.” The doctrinal truth is that everyone is heading for one of these two destinations. All those outside Christ are “destined for wrath.” All those in Christ are destined for salvation. It is incumbent upon every person to honestly assess which destination is his. If you are currently destined for wrath, then I urge you to immediately repent and bow the knee to the Lord Jesus.
  • 5:10. Our Lord Jesus Christ died for us. Here Paul references the doctrine of substitutionary atonement, that Jesus died on the cross to atone for the sins of His people (2 Cor. 5:21; Romans 14:9).

IMPORTANT IMPERATIVES FROM 1 THESSALONIANS

2:11-12. “Walk in a manner worthy (of the God who call you into His own glory and kingdom).” Paul implicitly exhorts the Thessalonians to live their lives in a way that brings glory and honor to Christ. They have recently turned to God from idols (1:9) and now Paul is instructing them to live a new life consistent with their profession of faith in Christ. This, then, is a general call to obedient, holy living. (Specifics follow.)

4:1. We request and exhort you in the Lord that you excel still more (in your conducting yourselves in a manner that pleases God). (Intro to imperatives.)

4:3. Abstain from sexual immorality. (1 Peter 2:11; 1 Cor. 6:9-10; Col. 3:5; Eph. 5:3-5) It is likely that the Thessalonians lived in a culture of pervasive sexual immorality. They were Gentiles and had been idol-worshippers (1:9) and had been complete strangers to the holy requirements of God’s Law (Eph. 4:17-19). Now Paul tells these new believers to abstain from sexual immorality. Cold turkey. Stop it! NOW! And this command applies to all professing disciples of Jesus today.

4:4. Although it is difficult to know specifically what Paul is saying here, the idea is clear. Exercise strict self-control over the desires of your physical body “in sanctification and honor” (4:4). Before these Gentiles had given themselves over to their lusts, but now in Christ, they must “possess their vessel in honor.” Sexual behavior is now controlled by Christ.

4:5. “Not in lustful passion, like the Gentiles.” Before it was completely acceptable, even expected, to behave in lustful passion, but now, as disciples of Jesus, not so. Also notice that, although these Thessalonians were from the uncircumcised, they are no longer Gentiles. Paul contrasts these uncircumcised Thessalonians with Gentiles. Why? Because now “there is neither Jew nor Greek, for you are all one in Christ Jesus” (Gal. 3:28). Now, since Jesus has come, the primary identifier for all mankind is not Jew or Gentile but it is disciple of the Lord Jesus or perishing sinner. The Thessalonians are no longer Gentiles but they are now uncircumcised disciples of the Lord Jesus. Therefore, they no longer act in “lustful passion.”

4:9-10. Love one another. Love of the brethren. “Excel still more.” Learn what it means to love the brethren and then excel at that activity. Love one another! (John 13:34-35)

4:11-12. “Make it your ambition to lead a quiet life and attend to your own business.” Here we must discover the essence of what Paul is teaching and then bring it into our 21st century context. I think the idea is that the life of the disciple is not ostentatious and extravagant but is simple, orderly, and disciplined. The disciple does not spend his life in dissipation (1 Peter 4:3), indulging the flesh, but lives “a quiet life” of worship, witness, and prayer.

5:6, 8. Do not “sleep,” but be sober and alert. “Sleeping” here is to be understood figuratively, meaning do not wander through life like those who are sluggishly sleepwalking. Rather, live a life of purpose and vigor, staying “alert.” Be alert to sin’s temptations and flee. Be sober about the things that distract you from striving toward the goal of holiness. Do not love sleep (Proverbs 6:10), but rather buffet your body and make it your slave (1 Cor. 9:27). Deny the body’s cravings, especially if it obstructs your will. Your discipline and your will must control your body’s desires or you will be useless as a disciple. The Lord does not recruit sluggards into battle, but instead seeks out obedient soldiers.

5:12-13. “Appreciate those who diligently labor among you and have charge over you in the Lord and esteem them very highly in love.” (Hebrews 13:7, 17; 1 Tim. 5:17; 1 Peter 5:5, 6) Those who labor among the flock as teachers of the Word and shepherds of the flock should know that they are loved and appreciated. Make every effort to love your pastors and elders in tangible ways so that they can labor with joy and be encouraged in their labors.

5:15. “Never repay another with evil for evil, but always seek after that which is good for one another and for all people.” In classic Pauline fashion, the apostle tells us not to do one thing, but rather to do another. The unsaved man, when he is treated unfairly, seeks to fight back with evil. Revenge is the angry response of the pride of the flesh. But the disciple of Jesus seeks to give good for everyone, regardless of how he has been treated. The disciple accepts unjust treatment, whether intentional or unintentional, and continues to seek good for all concerned.

5:16-18. “Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In everything give thanks.” These three short verses have served me as “go-to” verses for obedience and as a strong defense against wrongful thinking. Whenever I sense that I am getting discouraged or depressed, I check my thinking and, more often than not, I find that I am discouraged because I am allowing my thoughts to dwell in a negative place. I also find that this “negative place” is a place of disobedience. I am thinking about something the Bible commands me not to think about or I am not thinking about those things that the Bible commands me to consider. Thus, I am being disobedient. To break this spell, I turn my mind to 1 Thess. 5:16-18 and begin to rejoice. I start to obey the command to rejoice. That usually dispatches the depression, but if that does not work, I will begin to fervently “pray without ceasing.” Obeying the Word, I rejoice, I pray and I give thanks for all the Lord has given me. This obedience will drive away the discouragement, which is the side-effect of poor and disobedient thinking.

5:22. “Abstain from every appearance of evil.” (1 Thess. 4:3) Appearances are important! The image that you project to others will determine the credibility of your witness. Matt. 5:16. Your personal holiness testifies to the legitimacy of the gospel. “Does Jesus really change people, or do people just sign up and then try to act nice?” The disciple must ask himself, “Does the life that I live before others attest to Jesus’ power to really save people from their sin?” What gospel does your behavior preach? Because you have come out of the closet as a witness for Jesus, people are evaluating your life and determining whether Jesus is worth following at all. This begins by abstaining from every appearance of evil.

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 5/15/2024                   #701

The order of the resurrection in 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17

(This post will be a chapter in my upcoming book, “The Resurrection: when the church is glorified,” which will be published in 3Q 2024.)

THE RESURRECTION SO FAR IN 1 THESSALONIANS

Before we dig into our focus passage, which is explicitly about the resurrection of the saints, we will briefly review what Paul has already said implicitly about the resurrection earlier in the letter.

2:19. “For who is our hope or joy or crown of exultation? Is it not even you, in the presence of our Lord Jesus at His coming (παρουσία)?” Paul and the Thessalonians will both be “in the presence of the Lord Jesus at His coming” (παρουσία). “In the presence of the Lord Jesus” must be with the Lord Jesus.

This agrees with 4:16-17, where the dead in Christ and those who are alive and remain will be “caught up together to meet the Lord in the air.” This also agrees with 3:13 (below).

3:13. “He (the Lord) may establish your hearts without blame in holiness before our God and Father at the coming (παρουσία) of our Lord Jesus with all His saints.”

The first key word here is with (μετὰ followed by genitive). Jesus will be coming “with all His saints.” It is important to note that the coming of our Lord Jesus will not be for His saints, which would mean that His saints are still on earth, but His coming will be with His saints, which means that His saints are already in the air (4:17). Since “the Lord Himself will descend from heaven” (4:16), we conclude that the resurrection of the saints occurs immediately before “the coming (παρουσία) of our Lord Jesus,” and then Jesus returns with all His saints.  

The second key word is all (πάντων). Jesus will be coming “with all His saints.” This means that none of the elect will be missing. All the dead in Christ plus all those who are “alive and remain” will be with Jesus at His coming (παρουσία).

KEY POINT: The resurrection of the saints must occur immediately before Jesus’ coming (παρουσία). And this is exactly what we see in Paul’s teaching in 4:13-17.

THE ORDER OF THE RESURRECTION IN 1 THESSALONIANS 4:13-17

13 But we do not want you to be uninformed, brethren, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as do the rest who have no hope.

4:13. Paul is prompted to tell about the resurrection (of the saints) because the Thessalonians are unclear about the events of the last day. Thus Paul begins by talking about “those who are asleep” (i.e., those believers who have already physically died), but he quickly moves to teach about the resurrection of all believers, whether asleep or living.

14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who have fallen asleep in Jesus. 15 For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive and remain until the coming (παρουσία) of the Lord, will not precede those who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord.

4:14. The first phrase of this verse bears on the fact of Jesus’ bodily resurrection. A paraphrase might be, “Since Jesus was resurrected . . .”

In 1 Cor. 15:1-23, Paul makes a more detailed case for the certainty of Christ’s resurrection from the dead and for how Christ’s resurrection guarantees the resurrection of all those in Christ, but here the apostle makes clear that, as Christ died and rose again, “even so (οὕτως) God will bring with Him (i.e., with Christ; see 3:13) those who have fallen asleep in Jesus.”

Paul’s message to the Thessalonians in this verse is, “Do not be worried or anxious about those who have fallen asleep (i.e., physically died). Know for certain that these will be with the Lord Jesus when He returns.”

Now the apostle will go on to describe the events of the resurrection of the saints and how the resurrection relates to the coming (παρουσία) of the Lord Jesus.

4:15. Paul’s first phrase communicates the idea that what follows is God-breathed doctrine and is, therefore, trustworthy and true (“the word of the Lord”). Then the apostle tells us that, at the coming of the Lord, the saints who are alive and remain will be resurrected after those saints who have fallen asleep (i.e., died). Even at this point in the passage, we can begin to discern the order of the resurrection, but with 4:16-17, Paul will remove all ambiguity.

4:16-17. In these two verses, Paul gives us the most explicit teaching found in Scripture about the order of the resurrection.

The events begin with the announcement of the coming of the King when we will hear a shout (of command), the voice of an archangel and the trumpet of God sounding together (4:16), declaring to the entire world that, “NOW Jesus is coming! The King of kings is coming to judge the earth” (Psalm 96:13; 98:9; 2 Tim. 4:1).

After the announcement of Jesus’ coming, we discover that “the dead in Christ will rise first.” All those in Christ who have physically died will be resurrected first. Immediately after this comes the resurrection of the living, whom Paul describes as those “who are alive and remain.” Finally, as “the Lord Himself descends from heaven,” all the resurrected saints rise up together “to meet the Lord in the air.”

This passage in 1 Thess. 4 answers many questions about the resurrection of the saints, but it also leaves a few questions unanswered.

A COUPLE OF UNANSWERED QUESTIONS

Question: When do these events of the resurrection occur? Even though Paul’s teaching explicitly connects the return of Jesus Christ, which occurs on the last day, with the resurrection of the saints, it is possible that some may still be unclear on when the resurrection occurs.

Answer: According to Jesus in John 6:39, 40, 44 and 54, and according to John 11:24, the resurrection occurs on the last day. Since this is explicitly stated five times in John’s gospel, this answer is unambiguous. THE RESURRECTION OCCURS ON THE LAST DAY.

Question: In this passage (1 Thess. 4:13-17), we have seen that, on the last day, all the dead in Christ are resurrected, then all those believers who were still living (“alive and remain”) are resurrected, then they both rise together to meet the descending Lord Jesus in the air. But Paul does not disclose what happens next other than to say that “so we shall always be with the Lord.” The question that follows is, “What happens after the resurrected saints meet the descending Lord Jesus in the air on the last day?”

Answer: Jesus continues to descend to earth with His saints to destroy all the unrighteous. Explanation: Perhaps the best cross-reference for this is Rev. 19:11-21. This passage is the climax of the book of Revelation and pictures the Lord Jesus riding on a white horse as He comes (or “descends”) to judge the nations. “From His mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may strike down the nations; He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty” (19:15). The awesome scene has an overwhelming sense of finality and concludes in 19:21 with the Lord killing all the unrighteous of the earth. And in the midst of this passage, in Rev. 19:14, we read of “armies clothed in fine linen, white and clean, following Him (Jesus) on white horses.” These armies are all the resurrected saints who have risen “to meet the Lord in the air” (1 Thess. 4:17) and who are now “following Him on white horses” as He descends in judgment. (See also 1 Thess. 3:13; 4:14.)

Restating the answer, then, AFTER THE SAINTS MEET THE LORD IN THE AIR, THE LORD AND HIS ARMIES OF RESURRECTED SAINTS CONTINUE TO EARTH TO RENDER FINAL JUDGMENT ON ALL THE UNRIGHTEOUS.

Other passages that confirm this interpretation about what happens when Jesus comes from heaven are Jer. 25:30-38, Rev. 6:12-17 and any Old Testament passage that talks about “the day of the Lord.” Another consideration is Psalm 110:5-6, a powerful psalm about Jesus’ return in judgment. When the Lord (Adonai) comes “in the day of His wrath” (110:5), “He will judge among the nations, He will fill them with corpses, He will shatter the chief men over a broad country” (110:6). The point is that, when the Lord Jesus comes in His παρουσία (1 Thess. 4:15), He is coming to judge the earth (Ps. 96:13; 98:9).

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 5/6/2024                     #700

When does the resurrection occur? (John 6:39, 40, 44, 54)

OVERVIEW. A brief article reviewing Jesus’ teaching in the gospel of John chapter 6, which tells us that the resurrection occurs on the last day. To be included in “The  Resurrection: when the church is glorified.”

WHEN DOES THE RESURRECTION OCCUR?

Many of the questions about the resurrection are complex, but the question of when the resurrection occurs is straightforward. The resurrection occurs on the last day. Jesus unambiguously declares this four times in the gospel of John, in John 6:39, 40, 44, and 54 (“I will raise him up on the last day”). Our Lord is here obviously speaking about the resurrection of the righteous, and that resurrection occurs on the last day. Later in the gospel, Martha testifies to Jesus about Lazarus, her brother, “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection on the last day (John 11:24).” Nothing could be clearer.

IMPLICATIONS OF THIS TEACHING

Since the resurrection occurs on the last day, we know the “when” of all passages which talk about the resurrection. If the passage is speaking about the resurrection of the saints, then the passage is speaking about the last day. For example, in 1 Thess. 4:14-17, Paul teaches us about the order of the resurrection.

1 THESSALONIANS 4:14-17

14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who have fallen asleep in Jesus. 15 For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive and remain until the coming of the Lord, will not precede those who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord.

4:14. On the last day, God will bring with Jesus the resurrected saints who had previously been dead in Christ (“asleep in Jesus”).

4:15. Those in Christ who are living at the time of the coming of the Lord will not be resurrected before those who are dead in Christ.

4:16. On the last day, the Lord Jesus Himself will descend from heaven, then those who are dead in Christ will be resurrected first.

4:17. Then the disciples of Jesus who are physically alive on the last day will be resurrected, and they will join those who were physically dead in Christ to meet the descending Lord Jesus (4:16) in the air.

CONCLUSION

From this study we have learned the following truths:

  1. The resurrection occurs on the last day. (John 6:39, et. al.)
  2. The resurrection of the dead in Christ and of those who are alive in Christ occurs together on the last day. (1 Thess. 4:16-17) Thus, all those in Christ are resurrected on the last day.
  3. Christ returns on the last day (1 Thess. 4:16) concurrent with the resurrection.
  4. Those who are resurrected will come with Christ on the last day (1 Thess. 4:14; confirm 3:13).

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 4/4/2024                     #698

Romans 6:5 – “united with Him in a resurrection like His”

POST OVERVIEW. An exegesis of Romans 6:5 seeking to obtain a correct interpretation of Paul’s use of “resurrection.” The case is made that “resurrection” here must be understood not as referring to our future glorification but as speaking of our figurative “resurrection” to new life in Christ.

Part of the Appendix for my upcoming book, “The Resurrection: when the church is glorified.”

For if we have been united with him in a death like his, we shall certainly be united with him in a resurrection like his. – Romans 6:5 (ESV)

DEATH AND RESURRECTION IN ROMANS 6:5: LITERAL OR FIGURATIVE?

In this article we are going to be examining Romans 6:5 to determine whether the “resurrection” of this verse is to be understood literally, as referring to the final glorification of the saints at the end of the age, or to be understood figuratively.

THE BASIC TEACHING OF 6:1-11. Before we dive into the details of Romans 6:5, we will step back and ask, “What is the essence of Paul’s teaching here in Romans 6:1-11?” Briefly stated, Paul is declaring that the believer cannot continue in sin because, in Christ, they have died to sin and have been raised to a new life of holiness. So, as we take an initial high-level view of the passage, it is apparent that Paul is using died and raised figuratively when he speaks of the believer.

THE CONTEXT OF 6:5. Then, as we look at the immediate context of Romans 6:5, it becomes clear that Paul is not speaking here of our literal death but is using death and died in a figurative sense.

In 6:2, “we died to sin.”

In 6:3, “we have been baptized into His death.” (Christ’s death is literal, but our death is figurative.)

In 6:4, “we were buried with Christ into death.” (Christ’s death and burial are literal, but our death and burial are figurative.)

BAPTISM AS FIGURATIVE DEATH AND RESURRECTION. There is no clearer display of the believer’s figurative death to his old life of sin and figurative resurrection to his new life of righteousness than we see in water baptism. The believer is plunged under the water as a picture of his death and burial to sin and then he is raised up out of the water to walk in new life.

LITERAL DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF CHRIST. We must also notice that, in this passage, Paul is drawing an analogy between the physical death and resurrection of Jesus Christ and the figurative death and resurrection that the believer experiences when they first trust Christ as Lord and Savior. His argument goes, “As Christ physically died and was resurrected, so the believer has figuratively died to sin and has been made alive to God.” In this analogy, the literal, physical resurrection of Christ provides the “stage” for all that happens figuratively in the believer. This analogy between Christ’s physical experience and the believer’s figurative experience is crucial to Paul’s teaching in this passage.

ROMANS 6:5. Now as we turn our attention to Romans 6:5 itself, we realize that much of the interpretive work has already been done. First, we have already seen that, when referring to a believer, death and resurrection are figurative, so we would expect that, in 6:5, death and resurrection would likewise be figurative.

But second, there is another point here that removes the possibility of this verse referring to literal resurrection. Since in Romans 6:3 and 6:4, Paul has presented the believer’s death as figurative, he cannot now be speaking of the believer’s literal resurrection in glory. Further, since it is certain that the “death” of this verse (6:5) is a figurative death, we know that the resurrection must likewise be figurative. Remember the analogy, that as Christ’s physical death resulted in a physical resurrection, so the believer’s figurative death must result in a figurative resurrection. Since the death here is figurative, the resurrection is also figurative.

CONCLUSION

The evidence presented leads to the conclusion that the “resurrection” of Romans 6:5 does not refer to the literal final glorification of the saints on the last day but refers to a figurative resurrection of the believer to new life in Christ.

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 3/8/2024                     #697

John 11:25-26. “I am the resurrection and the life.”

POST OVERVIEW. An exposition of John 11:24-26 for my upcoming book on “The Resurrection: When the church is glorified.”

The death of Jesus’ friend Lazarus provides the context for this very famous quote from our Lord about His identity and about the resurrection of the saints. Martha has complained to the Lord that, if He had come earlier, Lazarus would not have died. Jesus responded by telling her that her brother would rise again.

24 Martha *said to Him, “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection on the last day.” 25 Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in Me will live even if he dies, 26 and everyone who lives and believes in Me will never die. Do you believe this?” – John 11:24-26

11:24. Martha states the doctrine of the resurrection; namely, that there will be resurrection of the dead on the last day. But Martha does not connect the resurrection with Jesus or with faith in Jesus. Her understanding of the resurrection is incomplete.

11:25. Jesus said, “I am the resurrection and the life.” Jesus is the central figure in the resurrection on the last day. He is the one who orchestrates the resurrection and who gives eternal life to all who believe in Him.

“He who believes in Me . . .” We pause here to make the critical point that only believers in Jesus will be a part of the resurrection of the righteous. If you believe in Jesus; that is, if you have denied yourself and taken up your cross daily and followed Jesus (Luke 9:23); if you have passed from death to life (John 5:24); if you have been born again (John 3:3, 5); if you have been justified by faith (Rom. 5:1), then Jesus’ words apply to you. If not, then you are heading toward a resurrection of judgment (John 5:29) and a place in the lake of fire (Rev. 20:15).

So, Jesus’ words here are good news only for those who believe in Jesus.

Jesus, as the resurrection and the life, says, “He who believes in Me . . . will live . . . even if he dies.” In the Garden, the LORD God had warned Adam about sin: “The day you eat of it, you will surely die” (Gen. 2:17). Ever since Adam’s first sin, death has reigned over all men because of their sin. “The soul who sins will die” (Ezek. 18:4). My sin guaranteed my death and there was no escape available.

But now Jesus declares, “He who believes in Me will live even if He dies.” To anyone who believes in Him, Jesus makes a promise that renders physical death inconsequential. Our Lord promises that the believer will live. In the garden, God warned Adam that his sin would result in death, but now the Son of God declares that the one who believes in Him will live. Look carefully and you will see that Jesus has taken sin out of the equation. God said that if Adam sinned, he would die, but now Jesus says if the sinner believes, he will live.

Notice that “will live” is in the future tense. When Jesus, who is the resurrection and the life, promises that the believer will live, He is speaking about the believer’s eternal life. We see then that Jesus is saying, “He who believes in Me will live forever in heaven.” And we know that in heaven we will be in our eternal glorified state. In other words, based on Jesus’ promise, it is a settled certainty that he who believes in Jesus will live forever in heaven in glory.

“He who believes in Me will live . . . . even if He dies.” Once you have passed from spiritual death to eternal life (John 5:24) as a result of believing in Jesus, your future glorified life in heaven is guaranteed regardless of whether you are physically alive or dead. In other words, physical death does not affect your spiritual life and cannot rob you of your promised glorified body. Jesus has promised that you will live. Because of this, the believer should no longer fear physical death. Because of my faith in Jesus, my physical death has become a non-event. I am awaiting the resurrection when I will receive my glorified body even if my physical body has died.

But there is another aspect to this short phrase, “even if he dies.” We will receive our glorified body even if we physically die, but there is also the possibility that we will not physically die. In other words, the resurrection may occur while my physical body is yet living. What happens then? Jesus does not explain this possibility in this passage, but Paul has clearly explained this in 1 Thess. 4:15-17 and in 1 Cor. 15:51-52. If the resurrection occurs when the believer is yet living, then he will be quickly changed (1 Cor. 15:52) and will receive his glorified body without having to go through death.

Regardless of your physical circumstances, whether you are asleep or you are alive and remain, you will receive your eternal glorified body in the resurrection.

11:26. “and everyone who lives and believes in Me will never die.” The previous verse talked about the physical aspects of the resurrection, but this verse speaks about the eternal spiritual rewards of believing in Jesus as Lord and God. Jesus declares that everyone who believes in Him will live forever. By his faith in Jesus, the believer has received eternal life and cannot die. Everyone who does not believe in Jesus is dead in their sins (Eph. 2:1), but everyone who believes in Him has forever passed from death to life (John 5:24) and therefore will never die. Eternal life is theirs. Once again, physical death poses no threat to the believer because, whether alive or asleep, he possesses eternal life.

SUMMARY

Mary and Martha were saddened because their brother, Lazarus, was dead, and they were confused because Jesus had not prevented their brother’s death. But Jesus’ message to them is one of immense encouragement: “For everyone who believes in Me, physical death is of no consequence. Believe in Me and you will rise in glory in the resurrection and spend eternity in heaven with Me. I am the resurrection and I am the One who gives eternal life.”

Do you believe this?

Soli Deo gloria            rmb                 2/26/2024                   #696